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It was not until 1880 that an era of construction based on reliable mild steel began. By that date the quality of steels being produced had become reasonably consistent. The Home Insurance Building, completed in 1885, was the first to use skeleton frame construction, relying on its masonry cladding for stability.

Vacuum Form. Vacuum forming can create many thin, weak molds in a short period of time. Permanent Mold. Permanent molds are often made of steel, iron, silicone or urethane, and Die Casting. Die casting is the preferred method for creating many small castings.

An average commercial steel building costs between $16 and $20 per square foot, including building package (I-Beams, purlins, girts etc.) , delivery, foundation and the cost of construction.

Copper alloys are amongst the easiest metals to cast and bronze is included in this making it an extremely popular choice for both homemade casting and professional needs. Having been practiced for centuries bronze castings have frequently been used throughout history for sculpture making and furniture.

Wrought iron was actually "wrought" (i.e. worked or hammered) into bars and has been used as a construction material for thousands of years. Most metals used for construction purposes are alloys. For example, steel is an alloy with iron and carbon being the primary elements.