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A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process.

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose.

If you have an electric kettle, you probably have a filter like this built into the spout to remove particles of limescale.  Another method of filtering, chemical filtration, involves passing water through an active material that removes impurities chemically as they pass through.

Reverse Osmosis is a water treatment process that removes contaminants from water by using pressure to force water molecules through a semipermeable membrane. During this process, the contaminants are filtered out and flushed away, leaving clean, delicious drinking water.

For water softening, three types of salt are generally sold: Rock salt Solar salt Evaporated salt

Reverse Osmosis Systems. ... Reverse Osmosis Systems will remove common chemical contaminants (metal ions, aqueous salts), including sodium, chloride, copper, chromium, and lead; may reduce arsenic, fluoride, radium, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, nitrate, and phosphorous.