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A Multiplexer or data selector is a logic circuit that accepts several data inputs and allows only one of them to get through to the output. Encoders are digital ICs used for encoding. By encoding, we mean generating a digital binary code for every input.

There are mainly two types of multiplexers, namely analog and digital. They are further divided into Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), and Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).There are also many types of multiplexing techniques.

The advantage of multiplexing is that we can transmit a large number of signals to a single medium. This channel can be a physical medium like a coaxial, metallic conductor or a wireless link and will have to handle multiple signals at a time. Thus the cost of transmission can be reduced.

About 99-inches tip to tip, or about 95-inches of cable (that'd be 8-feet or so).

A multiplexer is a circuit that accept many input but give only one output. A demultiplexer function exactly in the reverse of a multiplexer, that is a demultiplexer accepts only one input and gives many outputs.

HDMI splitters take a signal in from a source device and then send that exact same signal out to multiple displays. Since HDMI as a signal format is capable of digital handshaking the splitter can read and match the signal that each display device is expecting.