Nasal polyps – symptoms, causes, and treatment options

Nasal polyps are noncancerous growths in the inner lining of the nose. These growths are usually painless and soft to touch. Some individuals experience chronic nasal polyps, wherein the growths become large and block drainage from the sinuses. This can lead to congestion in the nasal passage and even affect the breathing capabilities of the individual. Smaller nasal polyps usually show no symptoms and can, therefore, go undetected.

Symptoms
Nasal polyps are often small, but those that are large usually show a wide range of symptoms. Some of them include a blocked and runny nose; aching face; postnasal drip, wherein mucous travels down the throat; incessant sneezing; loss of taste or smell; itchiness around the eyes; and headache or a feeling of pressure on the head.

These signs are common, but in certain cases, the inflammation in the nasal passage can also lead to infections and allergies. These allergies can in the form of sensitivity to dust, fumes, certain kinds of chemicals and odors, aspirin, and even yellow dyes. If the polyps are left untreated for a long time, then individuals can develop chronic sinusitis that can result in severe headaches and congestion. Nasal polyps can even change the shape of one’s nose.

Causes

There is substantial evidence that nasal polyps can grow in an already-inflamed tissue of the nasal mucosa. During an infection or allergy-related irritation, the nasal passage and mucosa may become swollen and red. During this time, they release a fluid that is drained out through the nose. When this inflammation is chronic and prolonged, a nasal polyp is formed.

Anyone can develop nasal polyps during their lifetime, the triggers for which include allergic rhinitis; chronic, or recurring sinus infections; asthma; vitamin-D deficiency; sensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); cystic fibrosis, which leads to the development of thick, sticky fluids in the airways; and Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Some individuals may develop nasal polyps without being exposed to such triggers, while others may develop it due to genetic predisposition.

Natural remedies

There are a lot of remedies when it comes to nasal polyps. While they are not known to completely rid one of the condition, they do help ease some of its signs and symptoms. Some herbs used to treat nasal polyps include cayenne pepper, peppermint, butterbur, tea tree oil, turmeric, and echinacea. Steam inhalation helps too.

Treatment

There is no permanent cure for nasal polyps yet. All modes of treatment that are available focus on reducing the effects of the symptoms that are caused by the condition. The two common modes of treatment include:

• Medications
  Those who suffer from a mild case of nasal polyps can opt for medications. They help reduce inflammation in the nasal passage and even the size of the polyp(s). Nasal corticosteroid sprays help reduce a blocked or runny nose. These medications include steroids, such as fluticasone, budesonide, and mometasone. If nasal sprays do not work, then individuals can opt for an oral or injectable steroid, known as prednisone. These medications, however, are not long-term solutions, and may come with side-effects.
• Surgery
  If medication is not helping reduce the symptoms of nasal polyps, then individuals can opt for surgery to remove the polyps altogether. The type of surgery depends on the size of the polyp. Nasal polypectomy is, however, the common form of surgery that is performed on patients.